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International Cultivar Registration Authority
An International Cultivation Registration Authority (ICRA) is an organization responsible for ensuring that the name of plant cultivars and cultivar groups are defined and not duplicated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ishs.org/sci/icra.htm )〕
The ICRA system was established more 50 years ago, and operates under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), which in turn works with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Its chief aim is to prevent duplicated uses of cultivar and Group epithets within a defined denomination class (usually a genus), and to ensure that names are in accord with the latest edition of the ICNCP. Each name designation must be formally established by being published in hard copy, with a description in a dated publication.
The International Society for Horticultural Science appoints and monitors all ICRAs. At present it recognizes over 70 ICRAs, ranging from societies focused on a specific genus (such as clivia, oak, or saxifrage), through organizations with broader sets of interests (including the Singapore Botanic Gardens and the United States National Arboretum).
==Scope of authority==
The system is both voluntary, and non-statutory and it does not confer any legal protection over the name or the plant. Such protection has to be sought through statutory schemes such as plant breeders' rights, sometimes called "plant patents," which differ between counties. The ICRA system is in effect the horticultural world’s attempt at self-policing of nomenclature and is truly international in its scope. ICRAs are not responsible for assessing the distinctiveness of the plant in question.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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